HEAD START CENTER DESIGN GUIDE

10.9 Heating/Ventiliation/Air Conditioning

The comfort and safety of the children and adults in the center are of prime importance. GSA suggests the following standards for temperature and ventilation.

10.9.1 Temperature and Humidity Levels

Temperature and humidity should be maintained within ranges stated below. Temperature levels are measured at lower than normal heights above the floor in order to accommodate children. Children spend a great deal of time on the floor; therefore, it is important to control temperature and avoid drafts. GSA suggests maximum insulation of floors (depending on the project location), including perimeter insulation of floor slabs. Heating systems installed in the floor slab are not recommended due to problems with maintenance and flexibility.

The following guidelines are the acceptable temperature and humidity ranges (measured at 3 ft. above the finished floor):

• Winter: 69.8°F and 35 percent minimum relative humidity.
• Summer: 75.2° -78.8°F and 50 percent maximum relative humidity.

Tamper-proof thermostats should be located at least 3 ft. above the finished floor to monitor the temperature at a child's level. The optimum temperature control is zoned, and it should be appropriately adjusted for different activity areas. For instance, infant areas may be more comfortable at 1-3 degrees warmer temperatures than other areas. The design A/E needs to consider this issue and make recommendations for the optimal solution to heating and cooling distribution at the concept development stage. Thermostats should be accessible to the center director or other designated staff members.

10.9.2 Ventilation equipment

In addition to heating and cooling equipment, a humidifier/dehumidifier may be needed to meet suggested levels. Each space should be supplied with a minimum of 15 liters/second of outside air for each occupant in order to control odors. None of this air is to be returned to the rest of the building. To ensure comfort levels, the air motion in the occupied space shall not exceed 8,000 mm per minute.

There should be proper exhaust venting for range and clothes dryer. It is wise to consider noise level, service, and efficiency when locating equipment. Whenever possible, HVAC should be separate from the other building systems. Apart from other advantages, this will facilitate better filtration of the dust and molds to which many children are particularly sensitive. Air diffusers can be used to minimize drafts on children.

10.9.3 Safety Issues

The following restrictions are suggested by GSA:

• Prohibit portable electric fans.
• Prohibit space heaters.
• Vent heating units that use flame properly to the outside and supply them with sufficient combustion air.
• Ensure that heating units hotter than 109.4°F are inaccessible to children by using barriers such as guards or locks.
• Keep cords out of the reach of children.